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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU1837814A3
    申请号:SU884356480
    申请日:1988-08-24
    公开日:1993-08-30
    发明作者:Din Barns Rassel；Rodzher Shelar Gari；Pol Balvinkel Edvard；Frensis Kartrajt Uilyam；Yudzhin Chembers Mladshij Leon；Frensis Durocher Donald；Dzhilett Dzhir Robert；Dzhordzh Kasbo Lojd；Robert Radvanski Fred
    申请人:Reynolds Tobacco Co R；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SUBSTANCE: invention relates to smoking articles having a fuel cell, interposed physically generating aerosol means and an improved mouthpiece that includes a segment of non-woven fibers or threads of thermoplastic for leaving the resulting aerosol to a user and which in preferred embodiments includes a separating element that separates the segment of thermoplastic material from the aerosol-generating agent.
    The present invention relates to a smoking article having a fuel alement, a separated physically aerosol-generating means, and an improved mouthpiece for delivering the sprayed aerosol to a user. Mund of pieces consists of a non-woven fabric of fibers or threads of thermoplastic in the form of an ineffective thermodispersive mass of material in the form of a filter plug.
    FIG. 1 and 2 are longitudinal views of a smoking article using the improved filter; in fig. 3 is a preferred configuration of the fuel cell channels from the ignited end; in fig. 4- the mouthpiece of the control smoking article; in fig. 5-8 show various mouthpieces constructed in accordance with the present invention; in fig. 9 shows discharge gas temperatures for smoking articles using the mouthpieces of FIG. 2; in fig. 10 - one of the preferred methods of forming a nonwoven strip, meltblow
    1837814AZ thermoplastic suitable for the manufacture of mouthpieces according to the invention; in fig. 11 is a schematic illustration of a method for forming a strip of meltblown thermoplastic in the form of a cylindrical segment in the shape of a plug filter; in fig. 12
    - double conical system used to collect or fold material in the shape of a filter plug; in fig. 13
    is the temperature of the thermal effect on the lips for a mouthpiece constructed in accordance with the present invention.
    Θ The present invention provides an improved Mouthpiece for use in smoking articles. The mouthpiece is especially suitable for smoking articles having a burnable fuel cell and a separated physically aerosol generating means.
    The improved mouthpiece includes a segment formed from a nonwoven web of thermoplastic fibers or filaments, and may also include a spacer member located between the segment of thermoplastic fibers and the aerosol generating means.
    Preferred means for making such thermoplastic webs are based on melt blowing, as described for example in the CILIA patent N 3849241 in the name of Bantin et al., Issued November 19, 1974.
    FIG. 10 illustrates a conventional melt blowing process. The extruder 1, driven by the electric motor 2, is loaded with pellets of thermoplastic polymer 4 from the hopper 3. The extruder is heated as needed to bring the polymer to the required viscosity at the moment the polymer enters the die 5. During the extruded polymer exit from the die 5 (usually vertically down ), it touches. opposite sides with hot air from the nozzles 6. If necessary, the matrix 5 can be heated electrically or otherwise using the nozzles 7. The fibers 8 are carried by the air flow onto the collecting surface 9 to form a web 10. The collecting surface can be a rotating drum 11. driven in motion about the axis 12, as shown, or may be a collecting device such as a belt, net or the like, as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
    The thermoplastic web can be formed into a cylindrical or other shaped element using conventional filter plug technology, such as conventional rope makers used to make cellulose acetate filter inserts.
    FIG. 11 illustrates means for forming a filter plug web. As shown schematically in FIG. 11, a roll 13 of a thermoplastic fiber web 10 is wound and drawn into a preforming cone 14 which collects or folds a flat web 10 in the form of a cylinder suitable for passing through filter plugs. A paper web 16 (the so-called filter wrapper) is wrapped on the cylinder 15 thus formed, this combination is cut into the required lengths 17 using a knife 18. Before entering the garment, a continuous bead of glue is applied to one edge of the wrapper using the applicator. During the passage of these components through the set, the formed strip of web is additionally crimped in the form of a rod with a cylindrical cross-section while wrapping the filter web 16 with a wrapper. When the bead of adhesive touches the overlapping section of the wrapped rod, the seal is sealed with a sealing rod. This endless filter rod is then cut into lengths 17 with a cutter.
    While not essential to making suitable filter plugs, the thermoplastic web itself is pretreated prior to being formed into a rod. Two such treatments, illustrated in FIG. 11 may include the use of a pair of rolls with grooves 19 used for corrugation and a liquid applicator 20 used to surface the material with, for example, glycerin or other humectants.
    Alternatively, it is preferable to use the two-cone system shown in FIG. 5A, instead of a single cone 14. Such a system comprises a cone in a cone as a preforming apparatus. The thermoplastic web is threaded into the annular space between the cones in a substantially unstressed state, for example at the point of entry, and the web material is wrapped around the radial portion of the inner cone. The cones can be moved relative to each other to achieve the required uniformity and density of the filter plug.
    iXcrrfl Most thermoplastic polymers can be used for the preparation of poyutna material for the production of a segment from thermoplastic fibers, polyolefins such as isotactic polypropylene and polyesters such as poly (butylene terephthalate) are preferred. Due to the nature of the melt blown thermoforming process, various additives (for example, calcium carbonate) can be easily introduced internally into the polymer melt or blown onto the surface of the molten polymer during extrusion to alter the meltblown web and its characteristics in the filter element. In addition, meltblown sauces, after being molded, can be readily subjected to known post-treatments with dry or drop aids to impart certain organoleptic and / or medicinal properties.
    The basis weight of such a web can vary depending on a number of factors, including the process used to form the web material and the specific thermoplastic | elimer used. For preferred polypropylene meltblown materials, the eze mass is preferably
    5-1.0 oz / yd 2 .
    The tensile strength of such positions when secured in the grippers can also fluctuate, but in general it is between 0.1 and 3.0 pounds in a direction transverse to the advance of the web. D), and not less than 0.1 lb. in process direction (M D). Preferred ranges are 0.7-2.4 pounds in the work direction and 0.5-2.3 pounds in the cross direction. Preferred webs also have a grip tensile strength providing an MD / CD ratio in the range of (1: 1) to (4: 1), preferably (1: 1) to (2: 1). The tensile strength of such materials is usually determined in accordance with Method 5100 - Federal Standard GF 191A for testing with the Instron Corporation testing machine, model 1122. This strength is usually limited by a number of factors, including the orientation of the fibers relative to the technological direction and transverse direction. the degree of fusion between the fibers and the distribution of the width of the fibers.
    Fraser porosity for such webs can also range from 100-1000 cfm / sq ft / min, preferably in the range 150-1000 cf / sq ft / min (for a 5-layer sample). Fraser porosity tests for such materials are carried out using the Fraser Air Permeability Tester manufactured by Fraser Presision Instrument Company. These porosity measurements reflect the air permeability of the web. The procedure complies with the norms of method 5450. Federal standard GF 191A for testing, except that the sample size is 8 x 8 inches, a 5-layer sample is used for measurements at a 20 mm air nozzle. Fraser units are expressed in cubic feet of air per square foot of sample per minute.
    The percentage of open area for such webs is typically 10-60%, with a preferred range of 14-52%. Percentage of open area is a measure of openness and can be measured with an image analyzer type Kvantymet Model 970 manufactured by Cambridge Instruments. This indicator is very significant in determining the filtration characteristics of cylinders made from webs in accordance with the present invention.
    A particularly preferred web suitable for forming the improved filter plug of the invention is an experimental meltblown polypropylene material available from the Kimberly-Clark Corporation under the brand name PP-100-F. This particular material has a permeability of about 600 Fraser, tensile strength in the capture of about 1.3 pounds (MD) and 0.7 pounds (CD) and a basis weight of 0.75 oz / yd 2. This material also contains glycerin in an amount of 2 wt% to facilitate the formation of the material into a cylinder. The amount of glycerin or other humectant can range from 0.5-8%, preferably 1-4%, most preferably 1.5-2.5%. Such materials are described in more detail in US patent application GF 003980, filed January 16, 1987.
    From a performance and aesthetic standpoint, the stiffness of the thermoplastic segment filter used according to the present invention can vary widely without significantly interfering with the delivery of the aerosol to the consumer. However, it is desirable for the segment to give the feel and firmness of a cigarette using conventional cellulose acetate filters. Although there are many ways to assess the stiffness of the filter material, the stiffness values for segments of thermoplastic fibers obtained from the Kimberly-Clark Corporation brand PP-1OO-F were determined by placing the filter plug under a plate with a diameter of 19 mm. The plate was brought into contact with the filter and an initial diameter reading was taken without compression. In this state, an actual force of about 27 g was applied to the filter. The plate was then loaded with an additional force of 100 g. After 10 at this load, a second reading was taken. This stiffness indicator was indicated as a percentage and was calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the second indicator to the first. The filter hardness is 94-99%, preferably 96-98%.
    The total pressure drop for articles using the improved mouthpiece of the invention is preferably similar to or lower than that of conventional cigarettes. The pressure drop across the mouthpiece itself fluctuates depending on the pressure drop at the front end of the smoking article. For preferred smoking articles, such as those described in Example 1, the pressure drop is generally lower than conventional mouthpieces, typically 0.1-6.0 cm H2O / cm filter length, preferably 0.5-4.5 cm / cm, most preferably 0.7-1.5 cm / cm. The pressure drop is the pressure drop in centimeters of water column when 1050 cm 3 / min of air is passed through the filter. These pressure drops can be normalized to the unit of filter slug length by dividing by the actual filter length.
    The filter efficiency per unit length of the nonwoven fiber segment of the thermoplastic prepared according to the present invention is generally lower than that of a conventional cellulose acetate filter.The efficiency of such materials is lower than that of low efficiency cellulose acetate tow filters made of 8.0 / 40K material obtained from the Salanisation Corporation. ... As noted above, the mouthpiece according to the invention helps to reduce the temperature of the aerosol as perceived by the consumer, for example, by distributing the aerosol generated during smoking over a larger surface area. The use of low-performance materials according to the invention also allows the use of longer segments of nonwoven fibers of thermoplastic without interfering with the required aerosol delivery. This increases the residence time of the aerosol in the mouthpiece, which also helps to reduce the temperature of the aerosol as perceived by the consumer.
    The length of the segment of nonwoven fibers of thermoplastic used in the mouthpiece can vary widely depending on a number of factors, including the desired reduction in the temperature of the aerosol perceived by the consumer. For preferred smoking articles using the mouthpiece of the invention, the thermoplastic segment is typically 10-40 mm in length, preferably 15-35 mm, most preferably about 30 mm.
    The spacer element preferably used in the practice of the invention can be made from a variety of materials, such as cellulose acetate tow, and materials such as tobacco, tobacco-containing paper, and a segment of conventional filter materials surrounding the tube.
    The preferred material for constructing the spacer is tobacco-containing paper. A preferred tobacco-containing paper is a web of reclaimed tobacco material available from the Kimberly-Clark Corporation under the designation P144-185-CAPF Reconstituted Tobacco Theed. The material comprises about 60% tobacco, mainly in the form of burgundy tobacco stems, and 35% softwood pulp (based on dry weight of material). The moisture content in the sheet material is preferably 11-14%. The material has a dry tensile strength of 1600-3300 g / in and a dry weight of 38-44 g / m 2 . The material is manufactured using a conventional papermaking process with the addition of 2% glycerin or other humectant, 1.8% potassium carbonate, 0.1% flavoring and 1% commercial sizing agent available under the brand name Aguopel 360XC Reactive SI2I. by Hercules Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA,
    Tobacco paper can be cork shaped using conventional cork making techniques. However, for smoking articles using a mouthpiece according to the invention, it is preferred to be molded with a double cone system to form a segment of nonwoven thermoplastic fibers.
    The length of the spacer is generally inversely proportional to the length of the nonwoven thermoplastic fiber segment. For preferred smoking articles. using a mouthpiece according to the present invention, it is usually the co-applicant (s)
    Sensabow and others.
    Shannon et al.
    Farrier et al.
    Banerjee and others.
    Sensabow and others.
    Banerjee and others.
    is 5-30 mm, preferably 5-15 mm, most preferably about 10 mm.
    Preferred smoking articles, such as cigarettes, using the improved mouthpiece of the invention are described in the following patent applications:
    No. (US) 650604 (US) 684537 (US) 769532 (US) 939203 (EPO) 85111467.8 (EPO) 86109589.1
    Filed Sept. 1984 year
    Dec 1984 year
    Aug 1985 year
    Dec 1986 year
    Sep 1985 year
    (published 19.03.8.6) 14 Sept. 1985 year
    (published 04.03.87)
    The materials of these patent applications are included in the description for informational purposes.
    One such preferred smoking article, such as a cigarette, is shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1 shows a cigarette-type smoking article having a small carbonaceous fuel cell 21 with a plurality of through passages 22, preferably about thirteen, located as shown in FIG. 2. This fuel cell is formed from an extruded mixture of coal (preferably carbonized paper), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NCMC) binder (K2CO3) and water, as described in the cited patent applications.
    The periphery 23 of the fuel cell 21 is surrounded by a resilient sheath of insulating fibers 24 such as glass fibers.
    The metal capsule 25 overlaps the mouthpiece portion of the fuel cell 21 and encloses a physically separated aerosol-generating means that contains a carrier material 26 carrying edin or more aerosol-generating materials. The carrier can be milled, in the form of a rod, or in another zide, as specified in the aforementioned patent applications.
    The capsule 25 is surrounded by a shell of tabas 27. At the mouthpiece end of the capsule, in the central part of the corrugated tube, two slit-like channels' 8 are provided.
    At the mouth end of the tobacco casing 27 is a mouthpiece 28, preferably comprising a cylindrical segment of a spacer member 29 and a segment of nonwoven thermoplastic fibers 30 through which the aerosol is passed to the consumer. The product or parts of it are wrapped. one or more layers of pasted paper 31-37. FIG. 2, the separating element 29 is absent, and a cavity 38 is formed instead.
    When this embodiment of the article is ignited, the fuel cell burns out, releasing heat, which is used to vaporize the tobacco aroma material and possible additional aerosol-forming agent or substances in the aerosol-generating means. Since the preferred fuel cell is relatively short, the hot, burnable fire cone is always close to the aerosol generating means, which maximizes heat transfer to the aerosol generating means and the resulting aerosol production, especially when using a preferably heat transferring member.
    Due to the small size and burnout characteristics of the fuel cell, the fuel cell typically burns out over substantially its entire open length over several puffs. Thus, that part of the fuel cell, which is adjacent to the aerosol generator, becomes rapidly heated, which significantly enhances heat transfer to the aerosol generator, especially at initial and intermediate puffs. Because the preferred fuel cell is so short, the long section of unburned fuel never acts as a heat sink, which typically occurs in prior art aerosol products.
    Since the aerosol-forming substances are physically separated from the fuel cell, they are exposed to significantly lower temperatures than those resulting from fuel burnout, which minimizes the likelihood of thermal decomposition.
    In preferred embodiments, the short carbon fuel cell, heat transfer element, and insulating means interact with the aerosol generator to form a system that is capable of producing substantial amounts of aerosol with virtually every puff. The close proximity of the firing cone to the aerosol generator after several puffs together with the insulating element ensures high heat delivery both during puffs and during the relatively long smoldering period between puffs.
    The combustible fuel cells that may be used in preferred embodiments have a diameter no greater than that of a conventional cigarette, i. E. less than or equal to 8 mm, and generally less than 30 mm in length. Advantageously, the fuel cell has a length of about 15 mm or less, preferably about 10 mm or less. Advantageously, the diameter of the fuel cell is 2-8 mm, preferably 4-6 mm. The density of the fuel cells used herein may be 0.7-1.6 g / cm 3 , preferably the density exceeds 0.85 g / cm 3 .
    The preferred material used to form the fuel cells is coal. Preferably, the carbon content of these fuel cells is at least 6070%, and more preferably about 80% or more, by weight. Fuel cells with a high coal content are preferred because they cause minimal pyrolysis, incomplete combustion of products, little or invisible sidestream smoke, minimal ash, and have a high heat capacity. However, fuel cells with a lower carbon content, for example, with a content of about 50-60 wt.%, Can also be used, especially in cases where a small amount of tobacco, tobacco extract or non-combustible excipient is used. In these applications, preferred fuel cells are described in more detail.
    The aerosol-forming means used in the practice of this invention is a physically separate element from the fuel cell. By physical separation is meant that the substrate, container or chamber containing aerosol-forming materials does not mix with the fuel cell or part of it. This design helps to reduce or eliminate thermal degradation of the aerosol-forming substance and the formation of sidestream smoke. Not being part of the fuel cell, the aerosol generating means is preferably located end-to-end, coupled to, or otherwise adjacent to, the fuel cell so that the fuel and aerosol forming means are in conductive heat exchange relationship. This conductive heat exchange relationship is preferably achieved by placing a heat transfer element, such as a metal foil, recessed onto the ignition end of the fuel cell that efficiently conducts or transfers heat from the burning fuel cell to the aerosol generating means.
    The aerosol forming means is preferably located at a distance of no more than 15 mm from the ignition end of the fuel cell. The length of the aerosol forming agent can range from about 2 mm to 60 mm, and more preferably from about 5 mm to 40 mm, but most preferably from about 20 to 35 mm. The diameter of the aerosol forming agent can range from about 2 to 8 mm, and more preferably from about 3 to 6 mm.
    The aerosol-forming means preferably comprises one or more thermally stable materials carrying one or more aerosol-forming materials. The thermally stable material used herein is a material capable of withstanding high, albeit controlled, temperatures, for example from 400 to about 600 ° C, which in some cases, it can exist near the fuel, without undergoing significant destruction and without igniting. The use of such a material helps to maintain the simple smoke chemistry of the aerosol, as evidenced by the lack of Ames testing activity in preferred embodiments of the invention. Other aerosol-generating agents, although not preferred, such as heat-erodible microcapsules or solid aerosol-forming agents, are within the scope of the present invention provided they are capable of emitting significant amounts of aerosol-forming vapors.
    Heat-resistant materials are well known to those skilled in the art that can be used as a carrier or support for an aerosol-forming agent. Suitable carriers must be porous and must also be capable of retaining the aerosol-forming substance and emitting a potential aerosol-forming vapor when heated by the fuel. Suitable heat-resistant materials include scavenging carbon such as porous carbon, graphite, activated or non-activated carbon and 5 the like, such as PC-25 and PC-60, supplied by Union Corbide Corporation, and SGL carbon, supplied by Calgon Corporation. Other suitable materials include inorganic solids such as ceramics, glass, alumina, vermiculite, clays such as bentonite, or mixtures thereof. Coal and alumina substrates are preferred.
    Particularly suitable is a high surface area (about 280 m 2 g) clay, for example, the grade available from WR Davison's chemistry department. Craced Co. and designated SMP-14-1896. This clay 20 earth (machine SC1A -14- + 20) is preferably sintered in an hour at an elevated temperature, for example above 1000 ° C, preferably from about 1400 to 1550 ° C, followed by appropriate washing and drying before use. ...
    The aerosol-generating substance or substances used in the articles of the present invention should be capable of forming an aerosol 30 at the temperature that occurs in the aerosol-generating means when heated by the combustion of the fuel cell. These materials are preferably chetabaca, non-aqueous, aerosol-forming materials and are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but may also include other materials. These substances can be in solid, semi-solid or liquid form. The boiling point or subnation point of a substance and / or mixture of substances can fluctuate and reach about 500 ° C. Substances with such characteristics include: polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, triethylene glycol and 45 tropylene glycol, as well as aliphatic afirs of mono-, di- or polybasic caroic acids, such as methyl stearate, dimethyldodecanedioate. dimethyltetradodesandioate, etc. 50
    Preferred charosol-forming substances are polyhydric alcohols or mixtures of polyhydric alcohols. The most preferred aerosol formers are optionally glycerin, triethylene glycol and propycene glycol.
    When the proposed material is used as a carrier, the aerosol forming agent can be dispersed in any known manner over or within the support at a concentration sufficient to penetrate the material or coat it on top. The aerosol-forming agent can, for example, be introduced or applied as a full strength solution or a dilute solution by immersion, spraying, vapor deposition, or other similar means. Solid aerosol components may be mixed with the substrate material and evenly distributed throughout the substrate prior to the final substrate.
    Since the amount of aerosol forming agent varies depending on the carrier and the aerosol forming agent itself, the amount of liquid aerosol forming agents can generally range from about 20 to 140 mg, and preferably from 40 to 110 mg. A consumer such as TPM should supply the substrate with as much of the aerosol forming agent as possible applied to it. Preferably above about 2 wt% by weight, more preferably above about 15 wt% and most preferably above about 20 wt% by weight of the aerosol former applied to the substrate is delivered to a consumer such as TPM.
    The aerosol-generating agent may also include one or more volatile aromas such as menthol, vanillin, artificial coffee, tobacco extract, nicotine, caffeine, liqueurs, and other substances capable of imparting aroma to aerosols. It can also include any other desirable volatile solid or liquid materials. Alternatively, these usable substances can be placed in a mouthpiece or an optional tobacco cartridge.
    One particularly preferred aerosol-generating means comprises said alumina support containing spray-dried tobacco extract, levulinic acid, glucose pentaacetate, one or more flavoring agents, and an aerosol former such as glycerin.
    The tobacco cartridge may be located downstream of the fuel cell. In such cases, hot vapors, passing through the tobacco, extract and remove volatiles from it, without subjecting them to combustion or significant pyrolysis. Thus, the user receives an aerosol containing natural tobacco tastes and odors and does not include many combustion products obtained by smoking a conventional cigarette.
    Products of the described type can be used or modified for use as drug-injecting products for the delivery of volatile pharmacologically or physiologically active materials, such as ephedrine, metaproterenol, terbutyline, and other similar drugs.
    The thermally conductive material used as the container for the aerosol generating agent is typically a metal foil, such as aluminum, whose thickness can range from less than about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm or more. The thickness and / or type of conductive material may vary (eg Trafoil foil available from Union Carbide) depending on the degree of heat transfer desired.
    As shown in the example shown in FIG. 1, the thermally conductive element preferably contacts or overlaps the rear of the fuel cell and may form a container or capsule housing the aerosol generating substrate of the present invention. Preferably, the heat transfer element overlaps no more than about half the length of the fuel cell. More preferably, the thermally conductive element overlaps or otherwise contacts the fuel cell, encompassing a distance at its rear not exceeding about 5 mm, preferably 2-3 mm. Preferred cells of this type do not affect the ignition or smoldering characteristics of the fuel cell. Such elements help to extinguish the fuel cell when it is used up to the point of contact with the conductive element, functioning as heat sinks. These elements do not protrude from the burning end of the article even after the fuel cell is completely used up.
    The insulating materials used in preferred smoking articles are preferably formed into a resilient shell consisting of one or more layers of insulating material. Advantageously, this shell is about 0.5 mm thick, and preferably at least about 1 mm thick. Preferably, the cladding overlaps more than about half, if not the entire length of the fuel cell. More preferably, however, it encompasses substantially the entire outer periphery of the fuel cell and capsule for the aerosol generating means. As seen in the example shown in FIG. 1, different materials can be used to insulate these two components of the product.
    The preferred insulating materials in this case, in particular for a fuel cell, are ceramic fibers, such as glass fibers. Preferred glass fibers are experimental materials developed by Owens-Corning of Toledo, Ohio and designated 6432 and 6437 and a softening point of about 650 ° C. Other suitable insulating materials can also be used, preferably non-combustible inorganic materials.
    To provide the greatest possible delivery of aerosol, which would otherwise be diluted radially (i.e., externally) by air passing through the product, non-porous paper can be used from the aerosol generating means to the mouthpiece.
    The use of such papers in the cigarette making and / or papermaking industry is known, and mixtures of such papers can be used for various functional effects. Preferred papers used in articles according to the present invention are Archer's 8-0560-36 P R, Ecusta cork wrapper and ECUSTA 30637-80112001 manufactured by Ecusta et Rlsgal Forest, NC and P850-186-2 papers, P1487-184-2 and P850-1487-125 from Kimberly-Clark Corporation.
    The aerosol produced by the preferred articles of the present invention has a simple chemical composition and consists essentially of air, carbon oxides, with the aerosol former including any desired fragrances or other required volatile materials, water and minor amounts of other materials. The VODI score of preferred articles of the present invention does not exhibit mutagenic activity as measured by the Ames test, i. E. there is no significant dose relationship between the VODI score of preferred articles of the present invention and the amount of revertants present in standard test microorganisms exposed to such products. According to the proponents of the Ames test method, significant dose dependence indicates the presence of mutagenic materials in the tested products (see Ames et al. Mut. Res. 31; 347-364 (1975), Nagao et al. Mut. Res. 42: 335, 1977).
    Another advantage of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is the relative absence of ash from their use compared to the amount of ash from a conventional cigarette. As the preferred carbonaceous fuel cell burns, it substantially converts to carbon monoxide with relatively little ash generation and therefore does not need to be disposed of in use.
    The use of the improved mouthpiece according to the present invention in cigarette-shaped smoking articles is illustrated below by examples which help to understand the essence of the present invention but should not be construed as limiting. All percentages given in the examples, unless specifically indicated, are percentages by weight. All temperature data are expressed in degrees Celsius and are uncorrected.
    Example 1 The smoking article shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured as follows.
    A. Fuel source preparation.
    From carbon (90 wt.%), Sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose - a binder (10 wt.%) And K2CO3 (1 wt.%), A fuel cell (10 mm long and with an outer diameter of 4.5 mm) was prepared, having an apparent (volumetric) density of about 0.86 g / cm 3 .
    Charcoal was prepared by carbonizing a talc-free Canadian Kraft paper “Grand Prairie” hardwood under a surface layer of nitrogen with a temperature stepwise increase of 10 ° C per hour to a final carbonization temperature of 750 ° C.
    After cooling under nitrogen to less than about 35 ° C, the coal was crushed to a mesh size of 200. The powdered coal was then heated to about 850 ° C to remove volatiles.
    After recooling under a nitrogen blanket to about less than 35 ° C, the coal was crushed to obtain a fine powder,
    those. powder with an average particle size of about 0.1 to 50 microns.
    The fine powder was mixed with a binder - sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose Hercules 7NG (9 parts of coal: 1 part of a binder), 1 wt% K2CO3 and a sufficient amount of water to obtain a thick pasty paste.
    Fuel cells were extracted from this paste, which has seven central holes, each about 0.021 "in diameter and six peripheral holes, each about 0.01" in diameter. The thickness of the intermediate layer or the distance between the center holes was about 0.008 inches, the average thickness of the outer intermediate layer (the distance of the periphery and the peripheral holes) was 0.019 inches, as shown in FIG. 2.
    These fuel cells were then dried under the cover of a nitrogen atmosphere at 900 ° C for 3 h after their formation.
    B. · Spray-dried extract.
    The air-dried tobaccos mixture was ground to a medium powder and extracted with water in a stainless steel vessel at a concentration of about 1 to 1.5 pounds of tobacco per gallon of water. Extrusion was carried out at ambient temperature using mechanical stirring for approximately 1-3 hours. The mixture was centrifuged to remove suspended solids, the aqueous extract was spray dried while continuously pumping the aqueous solution into a conventional spray dryer, such as an Anhydro size # 1 dryer, at a temperature at the inlet approximately 215-230 ° C and collecting the dried powder at the outlet of the dryer. The outlet temperature fluctuated between about 82 and 90 ° C.
    C. Preparation of sintered alumina.
    High surface area alumina (about 280 m 2 / g) obtained from W.R. Grace and Company, particle size 14 to 20 (US mesh) was sintered at an oven temperature of about 1400-1550 ° C for an hour , then washed with water and dried. In the resulting sintered alumina in a two-stage process, the ingredients were added in the proportions indicated in table. 1.
    Table 1 Alumina 68.0% Glycerol 19.0% Driedspray extract 7.0% Flavor package 6.0% Total: 100% The flavor package is a co-
    fight a mixture of aromatic substances that give a certain flavor to the cigarette smoke. One such material used in this case is obtained from Flrmenlt of Geneva, Swlts and is T 69-22.
    In the first step of the process, a spray dried tobacco extract was mixed with sufficient water to form a slurry. This slurry was then mixed with the carrier alumina described above until the alumina evenly absorbed the slurry. The treated alumina was further dried to reduce the moisture content to about 1 wt%. In a second step, the resulting treated alumina was mixed with a combination of the two indicated ingredients until the carrier alumina absorbed the liquid.
    Assembly.
    A capsule was made from deep-drawn aluminum and used to create the smoking article shown in FIG. 1. The capsule has an average wall thickness of about 0.004 inches (0.01 ml), a length of about 30 mm, and an outer diameter of about 4.5 mm. The back of the container was sealed, leaving only two slit-like openings (each about 0.65x3.45 mm and an intermediate distance of about 1.14 mm between them) allowing the passage of the aerosol maker towards the user. The capsule was loaded with approximately 325 mg of the aerosol-generating support described above. A fuel cell was inserted into the filled capsule to a depth of about 3 mm through its open end.
    E. Insulating sheath.
    The fuel cell / capsule combination was wrapped at the end of the fuel cell with a 10 mm long glass fiber casing from Swens Corning, 6437 (softening point approximately 650 ° C) with 3 wt% pectin binder to a diameter of approximately 7.5 mm. The fiberglass casing was then wrapped with an inner wrap, available from Kimberly Clark, P780-635 test paper.
    F. Tobacco casing.
    Tobacco rod with a diameter of 7.5 mm (length 28 mm) wrapped in Kimberly Clark brand P1487-125 bamagi was modified by inserting a probe to form a longitudinal channel with a diameter of approximately 4.5 mm.
    C. Assembly.
    The combination fuel cell - capsule in the shell was inserted into the channel of the tobacco rod until the glass fiber shell was in contact with the tobacco. The fiberglass and tobacco sections were combined together under a single outer wrapper enclosing both the fuel cell, insulating jacket and outer wrapper combination and the wrapped tobacco rod. The outer wrapper was Kimberly Clark's P1768-65-2 paper.
    The mouthpiece shown in FIG. 1, was formed by joining two sections: 1) a separating element 10 mm long and 7.5 mm in diameter near a capsule made of tobacco sheet material obtained from the Kimberly Clark Corporation and having the brand P144-185GAPF, wrapped in paper of the P850-1862 brand from Kimberley Clarke and 2) a cylindrical segment of a nonwoven fabric of thermoplastic and polypropylene meltblown fabric, manufactured by the Kimberly Clark Corporation and brand -PR-100-G, and wrapped in paper grade P1487-184-2 manufactured by the Kimberly Clark Corporation. Both sections were prepared by passing the tobacco paper and thermoplastic fiber web into a double cone system. These two sections were joined with P850-1862 "wrapping paper from the Kimberly Clark Corporation.
    The composite mouthpiece section was connected to the fuel cell-capsule in the shell section by final wrapping with Ecusta grade 30637-801-12001 bonding paper.
    The smoking articles thus produced produced aerosol-like tobacco smoke without any undesirable aftertaste due to the burning off or thermal decomposition of the aerosol-forming material. The articles made in this way were smoked under conditions that simulate human smoking, in which puffs of 50 ml were made for 2 seconds, separated by 28 seconds of smoldering. There were at least 6 puffs.
    TO.
    As can be seen from Fig. 13, the heat temperature at g / b, measured with a portable thermometer for measuring Diclon heat radiation, at an area located about 4 mm from the end of the mouthpiece, was less than or equal to body temperature, In other words, such products created an aerosol without the unwanted hotness felt in
    Hl t »mi who use similar products that do not contain improved
    1st mouthpiece.
    Π ρimer 2.
    Smoking articles similar to those described in Example 1 were made with the mouthpieces shown in FIG. 4-8 as follows. The article shown o c c in FIG. 4 served as a reference for the 1st products according to FIG. 5-8 which have mouthpieces according to the present invention.
    A. Fuel cell preparation.
    Canadian Grand Eria (CPC) kraft paper [beefless grade] made from hardwood and obtained from Letter Cellulose Corporation, Memphis, TH, was cut into pieces and placed in a stainless steel oven with a diameter of 9 inches and a depth of 9 inches. )in. A single stream of nitrogen was introduced into the working chamber of the furnace, the furnace temperature was rammed up to 200 ° C and kept at that for 2 hours. Then the temperature in the furnace was increased at a rate of 5 ° C per hour to 350 ° C and the temperature was maintained at 350 ° C for 2 ... After that, the temperature in the furnace was increased by dg
    TC1 2 pf mr sig vnte sh at a rate of 5 ° C per hour up to 750 ° C for the most flax pyrolysis of cellulose. Again, the furnace temperature was maintained for one hour to uniformly heat the coal. Then it was cooled for 1 hour to room temperature, the coal was ground to a fine powder (ø 400 mesh) using a Trost mill. The ground coal (CCPC) had a density of 0.6 g / cm 3 and a hydrogen plus oxygen content of 4%.
    Nine parts of this powdered charcoal were sewn with one part of powdered sodium carboxymethylcellulose salt, CO3 was added in an amount of 1 wt%, and water was added to obtain a fine suspension, which was cast in the form of a sheet and dried. The dried sheet was then shredded again to obtain a fine pore, to which water was added in an amount sufficient to form a plastic mixture thick enough to maintain its shape after extrusion.For example, a ball from this mixture showed only slight tendency to spread over one day. This plastic κ 2 mixture was then placed in an extruder at room temperature.
    The capacitive injection punch for extrudate molding had beveled surfaces, which facilitates the flow of the plastic mass. Low pressure (less than 5 tonnes per square inch or 7.03 x 10 6 kg per square meter) was applied to this plastic mass to push it through a 4.6 × 10 mm diameter punch. The resulting wet rod was then dried at room temperature overnight. To ensure reliable drying, the rod was then placed in an oven at 80 ° C and held for 2 h. 15 This dried rod had a density of 0.85 g / cm 3 , a diameter of 4.5 mm and a roundness of approximately 3%.
    The dry extruded rod was cut into 10 mm lengths and seven holes were drilled along the length of 20 of the rod.
    Other fuel cells were made in the same way without re-grinding or drying the coal powder slurry. In such products, the top 25 casting elements were directly extruded from a thick, pasty paste obtained from a coal-powder mixture.
    B. Spray Drying Extract.
    Tobacco (barli, bake, Turkish, etc.) was ground to medium powder and extracted with water in stainless steel containers at a concentration of 1-1.5 pounds of tobacco per gallon of water. Extraction was carried out at ambient temperature using mechanical stirring for 1-3 hours. The mixture was centrifuged to remove suspended solids and the aqueous extract was spray dried with continuous pumping of an aqueous solution into a conventional spray dryer, for example, Anhydro brand, size No. 1, at an inlet temperature of 215-230 ° C and collecting dried powder at the outlet of the dryer. 45 Discharge temperature - from 82 to 90 ° С.
    8. Prepare the media,
    Alumina with a high surface area (280 m 2 / g) obtained from W.R. Grace & Company, and having a particle size of 50 -14 to + 20 mesh (US), was sintered at an oven temperature of about 1400 ° C for an hour and cooled. The alumina was washed with water and dried. The sintered alumina (640 mg) was further treated with an aqueous solution containing 107 mg of spray-dried heat-cured tobacco extract and dried to a moisture content of about 1 wt%. This material was then treated with a mixture of 233 mg of glycerin and 17 mg of flavor. received from Firmenich,
    Geneva, Switzerland and designated T6922.
    D. Assembly.
    The metal containers for the carrier were spiral wound aluminum tubes (30 mm long) obtained from Nimand (4.5 mm in diameter). Alternatively, deep-drawn capsules made from 4 mil (0.1016 mm) aluminum tube, 32 mm long and about 4.5 mm outer diameter can be used. One end of each such tube is crimped to seal the mouthpiece end of the capsule. In the closed end of the capsule, two slit-like holes were made (0.65 x 3, 45 mm with a separation of 1.14 mm), forming a channel for the aerosol-forming agent to enter the consumer. Approximately 170 mg of modified alumina was used to fill each container. After filling the metal containers, each was connected to the fuel cell by inserting about 2 mm of the fuel cell from the open end of the container.
    D. Insulating sheath.
    The fuel cell-capsule combination was wrapped at the end of the fuel cell with a glass fiber casing (length 10 mm) from Owens-Corning 6437 product (softening point 650 ° C) with 4 wt% pectin binder to a diameter of 7.5 mm and wrapped in paper P878-63- five.
    E. Tobacco casing.
    Tobacco rod with a diameter of 7.5 mm (length 28 mm) with impermeable wrapper type 646 (for example, from cigarettes without a filter) was modified with a probe, forming a longitudinal channel (diameter 4.5 mm) in it.
    G. Assembly.
    The jacketed fuel cell-capsule combination was inserted into the bore of the tobacco rod until the glass fiber jacket was in contact with the tobacco. The fiberglass and tobacco section was wrapped in P878-16-2 paper from the Kimberly-Clark Corporation.
    As shown in FIG. 4, a hollow cellulose acetate tube (30 mm long) wrapped with filter wrap 646 was connected to an 8.0 / 40K low efficiency filter element manufactured by Salanis corp. (length 10 mm), which is also wrapped in filter material 646, with filter wrap material 8-0560-36 (RJR Archer, Inc.) with non-lipstick paper.
    The combined mouthpiece section was attached to the jacketed fuel cell-capsule section with a small section of white paper and glue.
    Smoking articles having mouthpiece configurations according to the present invention are shown in FIGS. 5-8. These items were assembled in a manner similar to the assembly of the so-called control items according to FIG. 4. The mouthpiece of FIG. 5 has a 10 mm section of expanded tobacco and a 30 mm section of a meltblown polypropylene filament nonwoven web similar to that described for Kimberly-Clark Corporation PP100-F. The mouthpiece of FIG. 6 has a 10 mm section of cellulose acetate tubing together with a 30 mm section of said polypropylene material. FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6, but with the exception that both sections are 20 mm long. FIG. 8 gives a 10 mm section of expanded tobacco, a 10 mm section of cellulose acetate tubing, and a 20 mm section of polypropylene material.
    These articles were smoked under conditions that simulate human smoking and consisted of 50 ml puffs of 2 seconds duration, separated by 28 seconds of smoldering. The outlet gas temperatures in such products are shown in FIG. 3. These temperatures were measured by placing a thermocouple at a distance of 1 mm from the end of the mouthpiece. As can be seen from FIG. 9. The outlet gas temperature for smoking articles using a mouthpiece according to the invention is significantly reduced compared to the control smoking article. This decrease in outlet gas temperature corresponds to a decrease in the warming up of the aerosol perceived by the user.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    Claim
    1. A smoking article, such as a cigarette, including a fuel cell, a physically separated aerosol-generating means, including a constituent material. aerosol, similar to tobacco smoke, a mouthpiece for delivering an aerosol emitted by an aerosol-generating agent to a smoker, made in the form of a cylindrical filter made of thermoplastic fibers, characterized in that, in order to improve the taste when smoking a product by reducing the temperature of the aerosol without significantly reducing its amount , the mouthpiece is made of non-woven fibers of a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin and polyester, and a spacer is disposed between the aerosol-generating agent and the moon / piece.
    [2]
    2. Product pop. 1, characterized in that the separating element is made 5 of a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, paper containing tobacco, cellulose acetate.
    [3]
    3. An article according to claim 2. characterized in that when the separating element is made of cellulose acetate, it has the shape of a tube.
    [4]
    4. Product pop. 1, characterized in that the mouthpiece is made of polypropylene.
    Fig.d
    Fig. 3
    fcsxiV
    Y ™ 30 mm ‘Nlh. G
    20 mm
    plZ3 —X C-Y ' 1 - 7 *** K iS3X - - V ^ h - ^ yC - - X ^
    10mm f 20 mm
    10 mm 'TU'L. X 2.
    FIG. 9 ‘RIGI
    FIG. / 3
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1837814A3|1993-08-30|Cigarette-type smoking product
    AU609677B2|1991-05-02|Smoking article with improved mouthend piece
    SU1812955A3|1993-04-30|Smoking article
    US4917128A|1990-04-17|Cigarette
    US5033483A|1991-07-23|Smoking article with tobacco jacket
    US5129409A|1992-07-14|Extruded cigarette
    US5137034A|1992-08-11|Smoking article with improved means for delivering flavorants
    CA1305387C|1992-07-21|Smoking article producing smoke-like aerosol
    US4756318A|1988-07-12|Smoking article with tobacco jacket
    US5020548A|1991-06-04|Smoking article with improved fuel element
    US5105831A|1992-04-21|Smoking article with conductive aerosol chamber
    SU1836038A3|1993-08-23|Smoking article
    US4854331A|1989-08-08|Smoking article
    US4928714A|1990-05-29|Smoking article with embedded substrate
    US5067499A|1991-11-26|Smoking article
    US4819665A|1989-04-11|Aerosol delivery article
    US4989619A|1991-02-05|Smoking article with improved fuel element
    US5019122A|1991-05-28|Smoking article with an enclosed heat conductive capsule containing an aerosol forming substance
    US5060666A|1991-10-29|Smoking article with tobacco jacket
    EP0476349A2|1992-03-25|Smoking article with improved wrapper
    JPH05103836A|1993-04-27|Cigarette
    FI81950B|1990-09-28|TOBAKSPRODUKT MED FOERBAETTRADE MEDEL FOER AVGIVANDE AV AROMAEMNEN.
    RO106069B1|1993-02-26|Smoking article with improved waysfor aromatic substances releasing
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    MA21360A1|1989-04-01|
    IS1493B|1992-07-30|
    CA1304648C|1992-07-07|
    YU162088A|1990-04-30|
    PT88333A|1989-06-30|
    IL87336A|1992-05-25|
    DK471388A|1989-02-26|
    FI883872A0|1988-08-22|
    HUT50022A|1989-12-28|
    PH24991A|1990-12-26|
    JPS6471471A|1989-03-16|
    AR244957A1|1993-12-30|
    NO883784L|1989-02-27|
    OA08902A|1989-10-31|
    EP0304766A2|1989-03-01|
    HU206034B|1992-08-28|
    KR890003311A|1989-04-14|
    DD285713A5|1991-01-03|
    EG18828A|1994-11-30|
    CZ279350B6|1995-04-12|
    US4938238A|1990-07-03|
    NO167351B|1991-07-22|
    DK471388D0|1988-08-23|
    BR8804274A|1989-03-21|
    CN1044391A|1990-08-08|
    RU1795883C|1993-02-15|
    IS3380A7|1989-02-26|
    RO103706B1|1993-12-23|
    FI883872A|1989-02-26|
    CZ575588A3|1994-11-16|
    CN1021791C|1993-08-18|
    AU609678B2|1991-05-02|
    NO883784D0|1988-08-24|
    AU2101688A|1989-03-02|
    NO167351C|1991-10-30|
    IL87336D0|1989-01-31|
    BG50823A3|1992-11-16|
    PT88333B|1994-09-30|
    MY103383A|1993-06-30|
    ZA885706B|1989-04-26|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US07/089,187|US4938238A|1985-08-26|1987-08-25|Smoking article with improved wrapper|
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